Which of the following is considered secondary evidence of U.S. citizenship?

In the context of proving U.S. citizenship, secondary evidence refers to documents that may support evidence of citizenship but are not the primary documents typically used for establishing this status. A hospital-issued birth certificate falls into the category of secondary evidence because it is not an official birth certificate issued by the vital records office of the state, but rather a document generated by a medical facility. While it can suggest that a person was born in the U.S., it does not carry the same weight as a certified birth certificate from the appropriate governmental agency.

On the other hand, a passport, voter registration card, and naturalization certificate are all examples of primary evidence of citizenship. A passport confirms citizenship through U.S. Department of State records, a naturalization certificate is an official document granted to individuals who have completed the naturalization process, and a voter registration card, when applicable, is often tied to legal status and citizenship verification processes.